Understanding Glaucoma: Types, Causes, and Risk Factors

Glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, is one of the leading causes of vision loss globally. Known as the "silent thief of sight," glaucoma often progresses without symptoms until significant damage has occurred. Early diagnosis and proactive management are essential to preserve vision.
 

Types of Glaucoma

There are several types of glaucoma, each with unique characteristics and impacts on eye health.
 

1. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)

This is the most common type of glaucoma, occurring when the eye’s drainage system becomes inefficient, leading to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). This pressure gradually damages the optic nerve. POAG is typically painless and progresses slowly, making regular eye exams crucial for early detection.
 

2. Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Angle-closure glaucoma occurs when the drainage angle between the iris and cornea is blocked. This type can be acute or chronic. Acute angle-closure glaucoma is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention, as it can lead to rapid vision loss if untreated. Symptoms may include severe eye pain, headaches, and blurry vision.
 

3. Normal-Tension Glaucoma (NTG)

NTG presents without elevated IOP, but the optic nerve still becomes damaged. The cause isn’t fully understood, though reduced blood flow to the optic nerve may play a role. This type is often detected in individuals with a family history of glaucoma or those with a history of low blood pressure.
 

4. Secondary Glaucoma

Caused by an underlying condition or injury, secondary glaucoma can develop due to eye trauma, inflammation, or certain medications like corticosteroids. Managing the primary condition is often necessary to control the progression of secondary glaucoma.
 

Causes of Glaucoma

While elevated intraocular pressure is a significant factor in glaucoma development, the exact cause can vary by type. Here are some common causes associated with different types of glaucoma:
 

•           Blocked Drainage Channels: As seen in open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma, a failure in fluid drainage raises eye pressure, leading to optic nerve damage.

•           Genetics: A family history of glaucoma increases the likelihood of developing the condition, as certain genetic markers can make individuals more susceptible.

•           Blood Flow Issues: Reduced blood flow to the optic nerve, observed in normal-tension glaucoma, can lead to nerve damage even without elevated IOP.

•           Eye Injuries or Conditions: Eye trauma, inflammation, and diseases like uveitis or cataracts can trigger secondary glaucoma by affecting eye pressure regulation.
 

Risk Factors

Some individuals may be at a higher risk for developing glaucoma due to specific factors:
 

•           Age: Glaucoma risk increases significantly after age 60.

•           Family History: A genetic predisposition can make glaucoma more likely, especially for close relatives of those with the condition.

•           Race: African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians are at a higher risk for different types of glaucoma.

•           Existing Eye Conditions: High eye pressure, thin corneas, or eye conditions such as severe nearsightedness or farsightedness can increase the likelihood of glaucoma.

•           Medical Conditions: Certain health issues, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease, are linked to a higher risk of glaucoma.

•           Long-term Use of Corticosteroids: Prolonged use of steroids can increase eye pressure, potentially leading to secondary glaucoma.
 

Schedule Your Glaucoma Screening with Hedges Eye Care Today

Early-stage glaucoma often presents no symptoms, making it difficult to detect without a comprehensive eye exam. Regular screenings allow your eye doctor to monitor for changes in eye pressure and optic nerve health, catching potential issues early. The earlier glaucoma is detected, the more effectively it can be managed, often through medications, laser treatments, or surgery to lower eye pressure.
 

Don’t wait until it’s too late. Contact Hedges Eye Care at our office in Newberry, Florida, or call (352) 306-1103 to book a glaucoma screening today.